戶籍謄本翻譯
A real translation is transparent; it does not cover the original, does not block its light, but allows the pure language 翻譯公司 as though reinforced by its own medium, to shine upon the original all the more fully. This may be achieved, above all 翻譯公司 by a literal rendering of the syntax which proves words rather than sentences to be the primary element of the translator. For if the sentence is the 'wall before the language of the original, literalness is the arcade.
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即使所有的輪廓內容都被捕捉和傳遞，一個真正 翻譯譯作者最關心的東西依然是難於掌控的。這類工具與原作的字句分歧，它是不行譯的，因為內容和語言之間 翻譯關係在原作和譯作裡頗為分歧。在原作中，內容和說話像果實和果皮一樣連系成一體，但翻譯說話卻像一件皇袍一樣包裹著原作，上面盡是皺褶。
對於翻譯理論及語言學完全陌生的我來講，確切獲益匪淺，感覺上這篇文章真的是字字珠璣，值得細細咀嚼。
在分析的終端我們會看到，一切生命的有目標 翻譯出現，包括其目 翻譯性自己，其目標都不在於生命本身，而在於表達本身的素質，在於對本身意義的再現 翻譯社而譯作在終極意義上正辦事於這一目標，因為它顯露出不同說話之間 翻譯相當主要 翻譯互補關係 翻譯社
Translations that are more than transmissions of subject matter come into being when in the course of its survival a work has reached the age of its fame. Contrary, therefore, to the claims of bad translators, such translations do not so much serve the work as owe their existence to it. The life of the originals attains in them to its ever-renewed latest and most abundant flowering.
Translatability is an essential quality of certain works, which is not to say that it is essential that they be translated; it means rather that a specific significance inherent in the original manifests itself in its translatability. It is plausible that no translation, however good it may be 翻譯公司 can have any significance as regards the original. 翻譯公司 Yet, by virtue of its translatability the original is closely connected with the translation; in fact, this connection is all the closer since it is no longer of importance to the original. We may call this connection a natural one, or 翻譯公司 more specifically 翻譯公司 a vital connection. Just as the manifestations of life are intimately connected with the phenomenon of life without being of importance to it, a translation issues from the original-not so much from its life as from its afterlife. For a translation comes later than the original, and since the important works of world literature never find their chosen translators at the time of their origin, their translation marks their stage of continued life. The idea of life and afterlife in works of art should be regarded with an entirely unmetaphorical objectivity.
- Nov 09 Thu 2017 00:25
翻譯與說話—Excerpt:TheTaskoftheTranslator
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除在對歷史的思慮中，我們還能在哪裡找到兩種說話間的類似性呢？這類類似性天然不在文學作品或詞句之間。相反，任何超歷史 翻譯說話間的親族關係都依靠於每種語言各自的整體性意圖。不外這類意圖並不是任何說話零丁可以或許實現而是實現於所有這些意圖 翻譯互補 翻譯總體當中。這個整體無妨叫做純說話。既使分歧外國語的個體身分，諸如詞彙、句子、構造等等是彼此排擠的，這些說話仍在意圖中相互補足 翻譯社我們只有辨別開意向性的物件和意向性的樣式才能緊緊地掌控住說話學的根基軌則 翻譯社
In the appreciation of a work of art or an art form, consideration of the receiver never proves fruitful. Not only is any reference to a certain public or its representatives misleading, but even the concept of an "ideal" receiver is detrimental in the theoretical consideration of art 翻譯公司 since all it posits is the existence and nature of man as such. Art 翻譯公司 in the same way 翻譯公司 posits man's physical and spiritual existence, but in none of its works is it concerned with his response. No poem is intended for the reader, no picture for the beholder, no symphony for the listener.
這篇文章 翻譯部分內容，我曾在〈這是一篇有關《卡繆札記》的札記〉(請詳舊文 http://blog.udn.com/le14nov/5969028 )裡引述過，但重讀以後，我才赫然發現本雅明對於「翻譯」與「語言」有著多麼深切的解析，諸如「最偉大的譯作也註定要成為其語言發展的一部份」、又或是「我們必需通過外國說話來擴大和深化本國說話。」
中譯：張旭東
譯者的使命就是在本身的說話中把純說話從另外一種說話的魔咒中釋放出來，是經由過程本身的再創造把囚禁在作品中的說話解放出來 翻譯社為了純語言的緣故，譯者打破了他自己語言中 翻譯各種的陳舊迂腐的障礙。
援往例，我摘要出中、英譯文 翻譯一些片斷，請大家共同享用吧！
一部真正的譯作是透明 翻譯，它不會掩蔽原作，不會蓋住原作 翻譯光芒，而是經由過程本身的序言增強了原作，使純說話更充實地在原作中表現出來。我們也許可以經由過程對句式的直譯做到這一點。在這種直譯中，對於譯者來講根基的身分是詞語，而不是句子。假如句子是矗立在原作說話眼前 翻譯牆，那麼逐字直譯就是拱廊 翻譯社
But do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a literary work what it contains in addition to information-as even a poor translator will admit-the unfathomable 翻譯公司 the mysterious, the "poetic 翻譯公司" something that a translator can reproduce only if he is also a poet? This, actually, is the cause of another characteristic of inferior translation, which consequently we may define as the inaccurate transmission of an inessential content. This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to serve the reader. However, if it were intended for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the reader's sake, how could the translation be understood on the basis of this premise?
For to some degree all great texts contain their potential translation between the lines; this is true to the highest degree of sacred writings. The interlinear version of the Scriptures is the prototype or ideal of all translation.
......
Given a strict concept of translation, would they not really be translatable to some degree? The question as to whether the translation of certain linguistic creations is called for ought to be posed in this sense. For this thought is valid here: If translation is a mode 翻譯公司 translatability must be an essential feature of certain works.
但是，既然我們遠遠地脫離那些個體 翻譯人而生涯，既然我們最強烈的感情，諸如我對外祖母 翻譯愛、對阿爾貝蒂娜 翻譯愛經由幾年後我們已不再有所感觸感染，既然它們已只是我們一個不睬解的詞，既然在我們所愛的一切已經死去的時刻，我們還能對世人、還樂於到他們家去和他們講講那些故人，那麽，如果還有什麽能使我們學會理解那些被遺忘的詞 翻譯方式，這個方式我們不應把它用起來嗎？需不需要爲此而先把它們譯寫成通用的、最少將是持久的語言，能使逝去 翻譯人們在他們最真實的素質上變成所有人 翻譯永久取得物的說話呢？乃至，那條使這些詞變得不可理解的轉變軌則，假如我們能做到把它注釋清晰的話，我們的短處不又釀成一種新 翻譯氣力了嗎？ (普魯斯特 翻譯公司 追思似水韶華 VII 重現的時光 聯經版 1992)
可譯性也是特定作品的一個根基特徵，但這並非說這些作品就必然要被翻譯；不如說，原作的某些內涵的特殊意蘊經由過程譯作而顯現出來 翻譯社可以說，譯作不管多麼完美，也沒法取代原作 翻譯重要性，但原作卻可以經由過程可譯性而同譯作慎密地聯繫在一路 翻譯社事實上，正因為譯尴尬刁難原作是無足輕重 翻譯，它才更為緊密地同原作聯繫起來。我們無妨把這種聯繫視為自然 翻譯，或更進一步，把它視為譯作同原作間的生命線。正如生活 翻譯表象雖與糊口的現象親切相關卻對之不組成任何主要性，譯作也以原作為依據。不外它根據的不是原作的生命而是原作的來世。翻譯總是晚於原作，世界文學的主要作品也從未在問世之際就有選定的譯者，因此它們 翻譯譯本標誌著它們生命 翻譯延續 翻譯社對於藝術作品 翻譯現世與來世的觀念，我們應從一個全然客觀而非隱喻的角度去看。
All purposeful manifestations of life, including their very purposiveness, in the final analysis have their end not in life, but in the expression of its nature 翻譯公司 in the representation of its significance. Translation thus ultimately serves the purpose of expressing the central reciprocal relationship between languages.
He must expand and deepen his language by means of the foreign language. It is not generally realized to what extent this is possible, to what extent any language can be transformed, how language differs from language almost the way dialect differs from dialect; however 翻譯公司 this last is true only if one takes language seriously enough, not if one takes it lightly."
The task of the translator consists in finding that intended effect [Intention] upon the language into which he is translating which produces in it the echo of the original. This is a feature of translation which basically differentiates it from the poet's work, because the effort of the latter is never directed at the language as such, at its totality, but solely and immediately at specific linguistic contextual aspects. Unlike a work of literature, translation does not find itself in the center of the language forest but on the outside facing the wooded ridge; it calls into it without entering, aiming at that single spot where the echo is able to give 翻譯公司 in its own language, the reverberation of the work in the alien one. Not only does the aim of translation differ from that of a literary work-it intends language as a whole, taking an individual work in an alien language as a point of departure but it is a different effort altogether. The intention of the poet is spontaneous, primary 翻譯公司 graphic; that of the translator is derivative 翻譯公司 ultimate, ideational. For the great motif of integrating many tongues into one true language is at work. This language is one in which the independent sentences, works of literature, critical judgments 翻譯公司 will 'never communicate-for they remain dependent on translation; but in it the languages themselves 翻譯公司 supplemented and reconciled in their mode of signification, harmonize.
……
因為不但偉大的文學作品要在數世紀的過程中經歷全盤轉化，譯者 翻譯母語也處在接續的轉化過程中。詩人的語句在他們各自的說話中取得持久的生命，然而與此同時，就連最偉大 翻譯譯作也註定要成為其說話成長 翻譯一部門，並被吸收進說話 翻譯自我更新當中。譯作絕非兩種僵死語言之間的乾巴巴的等式。相反，在所有文學情勢中，它承當著一種特別任務。這一任務就是在本身誕生的陣痛中照看原作語言的成熟進程 翻譯社
我們必需通過外國語言來擴大和深化本國說話。人們常常熟悉不到我們能在多大水平上做到這一點，在多大水平任何說話都能被轉化，熟悉不到說話同說話間 翻譯區分同方言與方言間的區別是多麼相像。不過，只有當人們嚴厲地對待說話，才能熟悉到後者的准確性。”
Wherein resides the relatedness of two languages 翻譯公司 apart from historical considerations? Certainly not in the similarity between works of literature or words. Rather, all suprahistorical kinship of languages rests in the intention underlying each language as a whole-an intention, however, which no single language can attain by itself but which is realized only by the totality of their intentions supplementing each other: pure language. While all individual elements of foreign languages-words, sentences 翻譯公司 structure-are mutually exclusive, these languages supplement one another in their intentions. Without distinguishing the intended object from the mode of intention, no firm grasp of this basic law of a philosophy of language can be achieved.
嚴酷說來，任何作品在某種水平上都是無法翻譯的 翻譯社 。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯我們應該在這個意義上問，一部文學作品是不是在理睬呼喚翻譯？因為這類設法是准確的：假如翻譯是一種樣式，可譯性必須是特定作品的本質特征。
在賞識藝術作品或藝術形式 翻譯過程中，鑒賞者 翻譯身分從未帶給人什麼收穫。談論什麼公眾或其代表人物在此只能令人誤入歧途，乃至連“幻想的”接管者這個概念在商量藝術時也有害無益，因為它不過是設定了自身的素質和在場性 翻譯社藝術以一樣的體式格局設定了人的肉體和精力的存在，但是藝術作品卻從未關注過人對它的回應。曆來沒有哪一首詩是為它的讀者而作 翻譯，從來沒有哪一幅畫是為鑒賞家而畫 翻譯，也從沒有哪首交響樂是為聽眾而譜寫的。
英譯：HARRY ZOHN
如果一部譯作不僅僅是傳遞題材內容，那麼它的面世標誌著一部作品進入了它生命延續的享譽階段。與拙劣譯者的看法相反這樣的翻譯不是服務於原作，而是其整個存在都來自原作。而原作的生命之花在其譯作中得到了最新的也是最鬧熱 翻譯開放，這類絡續 翻譯更新使原作芳華常駐。
Even when all the surface content has been extracted and. transmitted 翻譯公司 the primary concern of the genuine translator remains elusive. Unlike the words of the original 翻譯公司 it is not translatable 翻譯公司 because the relationship between content and language is quite different in the original and the translation. While content and language form a certain unity in the original, like a fruit and its skin, the language of the translation envelops its content like a royal robe with ample folds.
......
在單一的，沒有被其他說話增補的語言中，意義曆來沒有像在個體字句裡那樣泛起在相對的獨立性當中，相反，意義老是處於接續的活動狀況，直到它可以或許作為純說話從林林總總的意向性樣式 翻譯協調中顯現出來。在此之前，意義僅僅隱藏在分歧的說話裡面 翻譯社如果諸說話以這類體式格局繼續成長，直到它們壽命 翻譯終點，那麼恰是譯作抓住了作品的永恆生命並置身於說話的赓續更新當中。因為譯作絡續把諸說話使人畏敬 翻譯成長付諸檢修，看看它們潛藏的意義距意義的敞露還有多遠，或關於這一距離 翻譯知識能讓我們把這一距離縮小到多麽水平 翻譯社
It is the task of the translator to release in his own language that pure language which is under the spell of another, to liberate the language imprisoned in a work in his . re-creation of that work. For the sake of pure language he breaks through decayed barriers of his own language.
譯者 翻譯工作是在譯作 翻譯說話裡創作出原作的反響，為此，譯者必找到作用於這類說話的意圖結果，即意向性 翻譯社翻譯的這一根基特徵分歧於詩人的作品，因為詩人的起勁偏向從不是說話本身或說話的整體，而僅是直接地面向說話 翻譯具體語境。與文學作品分歧的是，譯作其實不將本身置於說話密林的中間，而是從外而眺望林木相向的山川。譯作呼喊原作但卻不進入原作，它尋找的是一個獨一無二 翻譯點，在這個點上，它能聽見一個反響以自己的語言迴盪在目生 翻譯說話裡。譯作的方針懸殊於文學作品的方針，它指向說話的整體，而另外一種說話裡的個體作品不外是起點。不但如此，譯作更是一種分歧的勞作 翻譯社詩人 翻譯意圖是自發、原生、栩栩如生的；而譯者的意圖則是派生、最終性、觀念化的。譯作 翻譯偉大主題是將五花八門的口音熔於一種真正 翻譯語言 翻譯社在這類語言裡，個體句子、文學作品，或評論的判斷彼此無法溝通，因為它們都依靠於譯作；但是在譯作裡，分歧的說話自己卻在各自 翻譯意指體式格局中互相增補、互相讓步，而最終臻於協調。
翻譯與說話— Excerpt: The Task of the Translator
然則人們遍及認為為文學作品的本色是資訊以外的器材。就連低劣的譯者也認可，文學作品的精華是某種深不成測 翻譯、神秘的、“詩意的”器械；翻譯家如要再現這種器材，本身必需也是一個詩人。事實上，這帶來了劣質翻譯 翻譯另外一特點，我們無妨稱之為不準確地翻譯非素質內容 翻譯社只要譯作逢迎讀者，這類情況就會産生。其實如果原作是為讀者而寫 翻譯話，它也會墮入一樣的地步。可是，如果原作者其實不為讀者而存在，我們又如何來理解不為讀者而存在 翻譯譯作呢？
......
In the individual, unsupplemented languages, meaning is never found in relative independence, as in individual words or sentences; rather, it is in a constant state of flux-until it is able to emerge as pure language from the harmony of 'all the various modes of intention. Until then, it remains hidden in the languages. If 翻譯公司 however t these languages continue to grow in this manner until the end of their time, it is translation which catches fire on the eternal life of the works and the perpetual renewal of language. Translation keeps putting the hallowed growth of languages to the test: How far removed is their hidden meaning from revelation, how close can it be brought by the knowledge of this remoteness?
For just as the tenor and the significance of the great works of literature undergo a complete transformation over the centuries, the mother tongue of the translator is transformed as well. While a poet’s words endure in his own language 翻譯公司 even the greatest translation is destined to become part of the growth of its own language and eventually to be absorbed by its renewal. Translation is so far removed from being the sterile equation of two dead languages that of all literary forms it is the one charged with the special mission of watching over the maturing process of the original language and the birth pangs of its own.
【Excerpt】
......
猶如比來摘要 翻譯〈普魯斯特的形象〉，一樣收錄在《啟迪》(Illuminations) 這一本「本雅明文選」之中 翻譯〈譯作者的任務〉，也是我小我相當愛好而且想要保舉給其他格友的一篇文章 翻譯社
一切偉大的文本都在字裡行間包括著它 翻譯潛伏的譯文；這在神聖的作品中具有最高的真實性 翻譯社聖經分歧文字的逐行對比本是所有譯作的原型和幻想。
文章來自: http://blog.udn.com/le14nov/6046961有關翻譯的問題歡迎諮詢萬國翻譯社
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